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The 40 days leading up to Easter are referred to as Lent. This period is a significant time in the Christian calendar, marked by a season of reflection, penance, and preparation for Easter, which celebrates the resurrection of Jesus Christ. Lent begins on Ash Wednesday and concludes on Holy Saturday, the day before Easter Sunday. The duration of 40 days recalls the 40 days that Jesus spent fasting in the desert, as narrated in the Gospels.

Lent is characterized by the practice of fasting, prayer, and almsgiving among many Christian denominations, serving as an opportunity for believers to grow in their faith and spiritual discipline. This preparation culminates in Holy Week, which includes significant observances such as Palm Sunday, Maundy Thursday, Good Friday, and ultimately Easter Sunday itself. The other terms mentioned, such as Advent and Epiphany, pertain to different seasons in the Christian liturgical calendar, while Holy Week specifically refers to the final week of Lent leading directly up to Easter.