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The Battle of Trafalgar, fought on October 21, 1805, was a pivotal naval battle during the Napoleonic Wars, showcasing the leadership of Admiral Horatio Nelson. As the commander of the British fleet, Nelson is renowned for his innovative tactics and strategic brilliance that ultimately led to a decisive victory against the combined fleets of France and Spain. His ability to inspire and lead his men played a crucial role in this significant moment in maritime history.

Admiral Nelson's famous signal to his fleet, "England expects that every man will do his duty," exemplifies his leadership and the morale of the British sailors under his command. This victory not only ensured British naval supremacy but also had a lasting impact on the course of the Napoleonic Wars, preventing Napoleon from invading Britain.

The other admirals mentioned, such as Hardy, Beatty, and Cunningham, had significant roles in different naval contexts, but none were in command at Trafalgar. Beatty and Cunningham were involved in later conflicts during World War I and World War II, respectively, while Hardy served as Nelson's flag captain but did not lead the fleet. Therefore, Admiral Nelson is rightly recognized as the commanding officer at the Battle of Trafalgar.